Spanish Prime Minster Pedro Sánchez condemned the crossings as a “violation of Spain’s territorial sovereignty,” and pledged full support to Ceuta authorities. Spain has reinforced the enclave with soldiers and police, while Morocco deployed water cannons to push back crowds. Along with along with the nearby Spanish enclave of Melilla, it forms one of only two EU land borders with Africa. After African decolonization, Ceuta and Melilla remained the only European-held territories on the mainland of Africa. The 1951 Refugee Convention, expanded by the 1967 Protocol, is the cornerstone of international refugee protection.