Listing available updatesThe commandssoftwareupdate -landsoftwareupdate -lawill list available macOS updates, as well as some others, but results omit security data updates such as those to XProtect (e.g. Downloading updatesAlthough just downloading updates isn’t recommended, security data updates should still come as Installer packages, and could be installed conventionally. This is best performed individually if required, using the commandsoftwareupdate -d --include-config-data [label]where the label is that given in the list of available updates. Downloaded security data updates should then be saved to folders inside /Library/Updates, but macOS updates are carefully hidden, and can only be installed using Software Update or softwareupdate with its install option. Installing updatesIf no macOS update is available, install all available updates using the commandsoftwareupdate -ia --include-config-dataInstalling individual security data updates that are available can be performed using the commandsoftwareupdate -i --include-config-data [label]where the label is that given in the list of available updates.