In the broader public imagination, however, cloning immediately invokes the possibility of human beings being copied as though they were documents from a photocopier. Most civilizations, whether religious or secular, have held that human life has intrinsic worth. To intervene in the process of creation in such an extreme way may be seen as overstepping the limits placed upon human beings. There is a crucial difference between using cloning-related techniques to heal and using them to manufacture human beings. Do we want human beings to be treated as ends in themselves, or as raw material for ambition and advantage?