More than 50 million people worldwide are estimated to be living in conditions of modern slavery, including forced labour and forced marriage. In fact, forced labour generates “an estimated US$236 billion annually”, according to the ILO and is now deeply woven into Southeast Asia’s economic landscape. This is a form of forced labour that devastates victims on both ends of the crime and destabilises communities. Without addressing these interconnected systems, criminal networks will continue to adapt faster than the responses designed to stop them. Without addressing these structural drivers, organised criminal networks will continue to exploit the gaps between jurisdictions faster than governments can close them.