Both V2G and one-way managed charging, known as V1G, deliver significant value for the grid, E3 found. The average annual per-vehicle value of V2G programs in most of those regions could range from $2,200 to $2,750, E3 said. V2G value is likely to be more volatile in ERCOT’s energy-only market but could still reach $2,270 per vehicle, per year, it said. The study found lower and “program-dependent” annual per-vehicle value — about $700, on average — in the vertically-integrated markets of the southeastern United States. Even that comparatively low return is significantly higher than the country’s most lucrative regions for V1G, E3 said.