Among patients diagnosed with invasive mold disease at four Atlanta hospitals over five years, 45% died within 90 days, and half required a breathing tube and mechanical ventilation. Because invasive mold disease is not nationally notifiable, no one has had a reliable local incidence figure for it until now. Invasive mold disease is what happens when mold penetrates tissue in someone whose immune defenses are severely compromised. Notably, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma were more common among the patients who did not have invasive mold disease. Invasive mold disease remains outside national notifiable disease reporting, so no comprehensive national count exists.