The “Modi factor” has driven the BJP’s electoral success and the appeal of “Viksit Bharat” and “vishwaguru”. Aristotle observed that widespread poverty could hinder democratic institutions. Comparative studies also find that strong democratic institutions tend to correlate with stronger protections for religious minorities, although the degree varies across countries and periods. Economists and Nobel laureates Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson, in Why Nations Fail, argue that inclusive economic institutions are central to long-term prosperity and that inclusive political institutions help sustain a vibrant economy. The pursuit of national development, whether framed as Viksit Bharat or vishwaguru, should therefore be anchored in inclusive economic institutions, social stability, and effective governance.