The most direct cause of the intolerable living conditions in Cuba is the fuel blockade imposed by the U.S. government. [2] Any country that sends oil to Cuba was threatened with retribution in the form of crippling tariffs. Russia, which had supplied much of Cuba’s oil, has only sent one shipload of oil in six months. Venezuela had supplied much of Cuba’s oil, but after the U.S. arrested Nicolás Maduro in January, Venezuela’s oil exports to Cuba stopped. During the Cold War, the U.S. sanctions against Cuba did little damage, because of Cuba’s economic relation with the Soviet Union.