Rutland, an Australian Jewish historian and education researcher at the University of Sydney, said research conducted from 2009 revealed that Jewish students regarded special religious education classes as a refuge from hostility elsewhere at school. It examined Jewish education through interviews with 90 participants and classroom observations in Sydney and Melbourne. referring to Jewish education classes. Students regularly, although not unanimously, described scripture classes as somewhere they could escape antisemitism in the wider school environment. “Unless Holocaust education is done properly, it can actually create antisemitism,” she said.