According to the ED, the action stems from multiple police FIRs alleging illegal coal mining, coal theft, smuggling, extortion and levy collection across Dhanbad and neighbouring districts. Coal Belt Under ScrutinyDhanbad of Jharkhand often called India’s coal capital, has witnessed decades of allegations surrounding illegal coal mining, theft, smuggling and organised syndicates operating alongside legitimate mining activities. According to the ED, the current money laundering investigation stems from multiple FIRs registered by the Jharkhand Police, several of which have already resulted in charge sheets. Tackling corruption and illegal mining should go hand in hand with strengthening public institutions, restoring trust and promoting sustainable development. What more should governments, enforcement agencies and local communities do to curb illegal mining while ensuring transparency, fairness and environmental protection?