The government has described the move as a step towards safeguarding India’s cultural heritage and honouring the role of Vande Mataram in the freedom struggle. Under the new provisions, intentionally insulting Vande Mataram or deliberately disrupting its singing will attract the same penalties prescribed under the existing law. He described Vande Mataram as “the voice of the nation’s soul” and said the amendment would strengthen respect for national symbols and the legacy of India’s independence movement. The government has also recently directed that all six stanzas of Vande Mataram be rendered when it is officially performed alongside the National Anthem at designated events. How can India encourage respect for its national symbols while also safeguarding freedom of expression and open public debate?