“The results came as a complete surprise,” Professor Stallard said. “These features were completely unexpected and, at present, are completely unexplained,” Stallard said. To better understand the dynamics behind the structures above Saturn, the team mapped the locations of the bead-shaped features at higher altitudes and the star-shaped features at the lower altitudes. When comparing the two maps, the team found that the features “overlaid the same region of Saturn” only at different altitudes. The study “JWST/NIRSpec detection of complex structures in Saturn’s sub-auroral ionosphere and stratosphere” was published in Geophysical Research Letters.