The first report prompted state officials to warn municipalities with similar vulnerabilities to be on alert, which enabled a swift response, Israel said. The hackers targeted infrastructure used to remotely manage and monitor water towers maintained by municipal governments. Iran has targeted the United States with an increased barrage of cyberattacks since the war began in February, with limited success. Other cyberactivity conducted by Iran against the United States has risen to the level of nuisance more than alarm. Cybersecurity experts have long said that U.S. water systems, which tend to be old and underfunded, were vulnerable to digital disruption.