Researchers found that applying 38% SDF every six months stopped tooth decay in more than half of the affected baby teeth included in the study. "This is a very effective and safe treatment — even in children as young as 1," Fontana said. Tooth decay remains the most common chronic disease among children in the United States, affecting more than 40% of children nationwide, according to the study. "It is important to have data they can refer to because young children often see pediatricians years before they ever visit a dentist," Fontana said. "Our results support FDA approval of SDF for managing arrest of tooth decay in young children," Moursi said.