Toronto’s first reported human case of West Nile virus in 2026 confirms that the virus is circulating during the city’s highest-risk mosquito season, but one case does not amount to an outbreak. One batch collected through the city’s surveillance program tested positive for West Nile virus on July 17. West Nile virus circulates mainly between birds and mosquitoes. There is no approved human vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for West Nile virus. Mild cases are generally managed through symptom relief, while severe cases may require hospitalization, intravenous fluids, medication, or breathing support.