The matter will now return to the Federal Court of Appeal, which must consider whether the commissioner’s 2021 ruling clearing Trudeau was legally reasonable. The Federal Court of Appeal had previously found that parliamentary scrutiny of the ethics commissioner’s reports provided an adequate alternative to judicial review. The underlying case concerns Trudeau’s participation in two government decisions involving WE Charity and the Canada Student Service Grant during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dion found that the relationships between members of Trudeau’s family and WE created the appearance of a conflict of interest. The Federal Court of Appeal ultimately struck the application in October 2024 without examining whether Dion’s decision was lawful.