The gap Frankl actually describedFrankl watched men in the camps who had every reason, by any behaviorist calculation, to become identical. The “space” Frankl pointed to is not a comfortable pause. The research on why the space mattersPsychologists have been quietly measuring something adjacent to Frankl’s space for decades, though they call it by a different name. What they share, functionally, is a habitual willingness to occupy the space Frankl described — to treat the moment after a stimulus as territory that belongs to them. Almost every therapeutic modality — cognitive behavioural, dialectical behavioural, acceptance and commitment, psychodynamic — is, at bottom, teaching clients to notice and expand the space Frankl described.