This question is also being played out in microcosm in the relationship between the Ukrainian and Russian Orthodox churches. Prior to Russia’s invasion in 2022 the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (UOC), while mostly self-governing, was canonically part of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). The following month the ROC took over the management of all UOC churches and monasteries in the Crimea, which was annexed by Russia in 2014. In total 334 churches and 15 monasteries were moved from the jurisdiction of the UOC to the ROC. Relations with Russia remain a key issue for churches in Ukraine.