If convicted under Russian law, Durov could face a sentence of up to life imprisonment. Although many users continue to rely on virtual private networks (VPNs), Russian authorities have routinely blocked VPN services as well. The government has simultaneously promoted MAX, a state-backed messaging platform that integrates messaging, government services and digital payments. Who is Pavel DurovBorn in Russia, Pavel Durov founded Telegram in 2013 after leaving the country amid mounting pressure from Russian authorities. Before launching Telegram, he founded VKontakte (VK), Russia's largest social networking platform, before selling his remaining stake in 2014.