Over the past 10 years, Washington, Brussels and London have made decreasing economic reliance on China a strategic goal. Western economic plans now stress supply-chain resilience, industrial sovereignty, technological leadership and national security. Recent analysis by consultancy EY-Parthenon suggests that a significant reduction in Western dependence on China will require investments on a scale rarely seen outside periods of post-war reconstruction. EY-Parthenon estimates that the United States would require around US$13.7 trillion, the European Union US$9.1 trillion, and the United Kingdom around US$800 billion by 2050. Instead, they indicate how much investment would be needed if governments truly aim to rebuild many of the industrial capabilities centralised in China within their own borders.