Eventually, in 2018, the two sides signed a working arrangement, the first agreement Europol had ever concluded with a non-EU country. Unlike the previously-signed arrangement, the new text would constitute an international agreement governed by international law. EU and Israel finalised negotiations on an Agreement to exchange personal data between @Europol & Israel today. Contacted multiple times, the Israeli embassy to the EU, the Israeli ministry of foreign affairs and the Israeli national police never replied to information requests. But Itxaso Domínguez, policy advisor at European Digital Rights (EDRi), says the 2011 Israel adequacy decision applies only to the State of Israel under international law.