The second and final part of a primer for early career researchersLast week, as part of our pre-closure series resurrecting evergreen advice from the Funding Insight archives, we refreshed and republished the first part of Susan Allen’s 2017 guide to putting together a paper. In that article, Allen advised readers not to start at the beginning (beyond coming up with a vague title) but to kick off by writing the materials and methods, results and discussion. In this second part, she tops and tails the paper, revealing how to craft a title, abstract, introduction and conclusion that will satisfy journal reviewers and readers alike.