A U.S.–Saudi private consortium has advanced plans for a US$5 billion integrated refinery and export hub, underscoring the Gulf’s growing investment in energy infrastructure designed to strengthen export resilience while expanding higher-value petroleum product exports beyond traditional crude shipments. The proposed first phase comprises a 200,000-barrel-per-day refinery integrated with a deep-water port, large-scale crude and refined-product storage facilities, and marine export infrastructure. Across the Gulf, governments and private investors have accelerated investment in integrated refining, storage and logistics infrastructure capable of maintaining uninterrupted exports during periods of regional instability. A pre-feasibility study covering refinery configuration, logistics, capital requirements and execution planning has already reached an advanced stage. Fujairah is one of the world’s largest oil storage and bunkering hubs with direct access to the Gulf of Oman.