Many Western policymakers assume that concessions by the regime can eventually produce a broader process of normalisation, including reduced sanctions, economic recovery, and improved relations. If the Islamic Republic genuinely reduces its confrontation with the United States, it becomes more difficult to justify extraordinary security measures at home. The consequence is a self-reinforcing cycle where ideology protects privilege and privilege, in turn, creates incentives for even greater displays of ideological commitment. The problem is not simply persuading the Islamic Republic that peace would be beneficial. And that may be one reason why peace with the Islamic Republic remains so elusive.