Despite the conventional wisdom that aging populations slow economic growth, new research is changing our understanding of how economies adapt to demographic shifts in surprising ways. Research has typically suggested that an aging population is likely to reduce a country’s per capita GDP—the measure of total economic output divided by population. The authors concluded that, during this period, population aging reduced the growth rate of America’s per capita GDP by 0.3 percent. Recent research by Harvard Business School professor Joseph Fuller also suggested that technological adaptation could be crucial to offsetting population aging. According to the annual Social Security trustees’ report released last month, Social Security is set to become insolvent in 2032 if its current trajectory continues unabated.