In June 2026, the United States issued two executive orders that accelerate the nation’s transition to post-quantum cryptography while expanding investment in quantum technologies. A nation may retain full political independence while relying on cryptographic systems, cloud platforms, semiconductor supply chains or digital infrastructure that it neither designs nor controls. For governments and institutions responsible for information that must remain confidential for years or decades, the transition to post-quantum cryptography is not a future project. Modern economies depend on trusted digital infrastructure. Keys become larger, certificates change, protocols evolve, and every layer of digital infrastructure – from browsers and servers to connected devices and cloud services – must adapt.