According to a study by the Technical University of Berlin, a climate-neutral energy system in Europe could be based largely on direct electrification. According to their calculations, the total system costs would be only slightly higher, while methanol offers significant advantages in terms of transportation, storage, and infrastructure. In these sectors, liquid fuels such as methanol or kerosene with high energy density are needed rather than hydrogen. Using methanol instead of hydrogen would allow the infrastructure to be adapted much more flexibly to actual demand.” According to Tom Brown and his team, this flexibility makes building new infrastructure much easier and reduces the risk of costly misinvestments.