The political economist identified four major forces reshaping the global landscape: geopolitical shifts, technological disruption, economic recalibration, and demographic and climate change. On technology, Moghalu described artificial intelligence as both an opportunity and a disruptive force capable of reshaping labour markets and eliminating entire professions. He questioned the notion of a universally rules-based international order, arguing that international law has often been applied selectively depending on the global balance of power. “There was never a truly universal rules-based international order. For business leaders, Moghalu recommended treating geopolitical risk as a core governance issue rather than an external factor.