Published in Science Advances, the study fills a major gap in South Asian archaeology, where ancient DNA remains scarce. Archaeological excavations were conducted under the auspices of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), which also authorised the export of samples to Harvard University for specialised ancient DNA analysis. The research involved extensive laboratory work designed specifically for highly degraded ancient DNA. The study suggests that this ancient population did not disappear completely. Researchers also examined whether the ancient Ladakh individuals carried the well-known Denisovan-derived EPAS1 genetic variant, which enables Tibetans to thrive in low-oxygen, high-altitude environments.