Now a study recently published in the Journal of Family Studies finds their health, relative to their male partners, suffers accordingly. They looked at how these measures—specifically psychological well-being, perception of health, exercise, and more—differed between mothers and fathers. In other words, whether they had one child, several children, or no children, men’s physical and psychological health stayed the same. “Adolescence, on the other hand, has traditionally been considered the most stressful phase for both mothers and fathers.” Mothers of toddlers reported relatively favorable levels of health and mental well-being, which the researchers credited to the rewards of motherhood.