The F-1 visa is a non-immigrant category for students attending academic institutions in the US, while the M-1 visa covers vocational and non-academic programmes. The new visa rules for international students in the US can incur a loss of $200 billion to $400 billion per year to the country’s economy, says a study in the Peterson Institute for International Economics. The new regulation caps the stay of international students in US universities at a maximum of four years. The rule also mandates that the students, mostly on F-1 visas, will transition to the new system “automatically”. They will hence face fixed admission deadlines and will be required to file for an extension of stay to complete longer degrees.