Lawyers for TfL argue vehicles that should have paid a levy had entered the Ulez without charge, depriving TfL of revenue and undermining its attempts to improve air quality. The allegations were largely rejected in a recent verdict favouring car manufacturers, but lawyers are considering an appeal. A high court ruling rejected most of the allegations that car manufacturers had knowingly installed so-called defeat devices to rig tests. A TfL spokesperson said: “This procedural hearing covers TfL’s claims against certain vehicle manufacturers relating to alleged losses of Ulez revenues. “The court indicated that it will stay these claims, while separate claims by vehicle owners against vehicle manufacturers proceed further.”