The Coalition Government has awarded New Zealand’s first new offshore petroleum exploration permit since overturning the previous government’s ban on offshore oil and gas exploration, describing the move as a significant milestone for the country’s energy future. The permit is the first to be issued since the Coalition Government repealed the offshore exploration ban introduced by the previous Labour Government in 2018. Labour has already indicated it would restore the ban on new offshore petroleum exploration if it returns to government, while honouring permits already granted. Environmental organisations, however, continue to oppose new fossil fuel exploration, arguing investment should instead focus on renewable energy, energy efficiency and accelerating the transition to a low-emissions economy. For now, the granting of the Kaheru permit marks a significant policy shift, signalling the Government’s intention to revive offshore petroleum exploration while balancing energy security, economic growth and environmental obligations.