This claim that lack of insurance cover was restricting shipping movements in the Gulf baffled the well-established war risks insurance market centred in London and Lloyd’s. There is a Ukrainian government war risks scheme that picks up the larger risks, cover above the limits and those near the frontline. Aviation war risk underwriters suffered a big shock in the wake of the Ukrainian conflict. The core dispute was whether the losses should be covered under the standard all risks insurance, or war risks extensions. There are other concerns short of a nuclear attack that are worrying aviation war risks insurers.