The US Senate has overwhelmingly advanced a bipartisan sanctions bill that could significantly tighten economic pressure on Russia while potentially affecting countries that continue to buy large volumes of Russian energy, including India and China. Although India has emerged as one of Russia’s biggest oil customers since 2022, the bill does not automatically trigger penalties. Earlier versions of the bill proposed tariffs of as much as 500%, but bipartisan negotiations reduced the maximum rate to 100% while narrowing its scope to the largest buyers of Russian energy. As Europe reduced imports of Russian energy following Western sanctions, Moscow redirected exports towards Asian markets, with India and China becoming two of its largest customers. While the proposed legislation identifies major buyers of Russian oil as potential targets for additional US tariffs, it does not automatically impose penalties on any country.