Thom Hornback has spent 20 years inside large organizations running the kinds of complex implementation projects that transformation programs are built around. “The value of information is not a concept that organizations tend to track or value for that matter,” he says. Those are legitimate questions, and the methodologies like business process modeling (BPM) or activity-based costing (ABC) that answer them are genuinely useful. However, today’s organizational and business complexity demands more than simply squeeze-the-denominator type transformations, especially if executives hope to innovate. The cost of not knowing what things costProcess transformation has been a fixture on the enterprise agenda for 30 years, moving through successive waves: business process reengineering, Lean and Six Sigma, robotic process automation and now agentic AI.