Some European countries allow citizenship by descent, or jus sanguinis, meaning nationality can pass through family lines rather than birthplaces. A great-great-grandchild of a post-1920 Polish citizen can qualify, as long as no one in the chain formally renounced citizenship along the way. Poland calls this process “Confirmation of Polish Citizenship” rather than an application, because the law treats the applicant as already a citizen by descent. Confirmation goes through a Polish consulate and typically takes many months or over a year. The second path, Article 116(2) of the Basic Law, covers descendants of people stripped of German citizenship by the Nazi regime between 1933 and 1945 for political, racial, or religious reasons.