Indonesia’s defence policy is moving in two directions at once. This is most visible in its relationship with Australia, particularly through the Jakarta Treaty, formally the Australia–Indonesia Treaty on Common Security. However, Indonesia’s domestic defence priorities point in a different direction. In light of this, Australia should be more specific about what it expects from Indonesia and capitalise on the momentum of the Jakarta Treaty to elevate the partnership. While Australia cannot control Indonesia’s defence priorities, it can steer the partnership towards more practical capability-building, training and inter-force interoperability.