The researchers noted that some ACV studies have historically faced high risks of bias and low-quality influences, including publication bias, heterogeneity and small sample sizes. Some studies also suggest it reduces body weight and fat mass. Outcomes included body weight, BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) or fat mass (FM). Animal/in vitro studies, trials in minors, pregnant or breastfeeding women, interventions using other vinegars and studies without control groups were excluded. “Effect of Apple Cider Vinegar Intake on Body Composition in Humans with Type 2 Diabetes and/or Overweight: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials”.