This article was originally published at The Cove, the Australian Army’s professional military education platform, and is republished with permission. Words like decisive, synchronized, shaping, and effects once had precise analytical meaning (and doctrinally still do). There is a professional gravity to phrases like integrated, multi-domain, or effects-based that is difficult to resist. This matters because military language is operational. He has a Bachelor of Arts, a Masters of Strategy and Security and a Masters of Military and Defense Studies.