"Saudi Arabia has many alternatives, such as China, Russia and others, and numerous international companies are ready and willing to cooperate with Saudi Arabia in this area," Sabban said. Saudi Arabia has long campaigned for the U.S. to reach a similar arrangement as the UAE, but with some key caveats. Then, he argued, "a 'multipolar nuclear Middle East' will emerge—the most dangerous scenario for instability in the Middle East." That's probably not a scenario China, Russia or the U.S. would like to see. Russia and Saudi Arabia signed their first major nuclear cooperation agreement in 2015, outlining joint research and the exploration of further projects.