The new tariffs, imposed under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, replace a temporary 10% global tariff that expired at the same time after 150 days. The exemptions reflect the global nature of food production. Certain animal products used in livestock, poultry, aquaculture and pet food production were exempted after industry comments highlighted the limited opportunities for import substitution. Although many essential food products have been exempted, the industry remains highly dependent on global trade. Rather than targeting only individual products directly linked to forced labour, the Section 301 action applies broadly to goods from economies investigated by the US Trade Representative.