While they may have been called Scotch Irish early on by their English and German neighbors, they considered themselves to be simply Irish until they adopted the label Scotch Irish to distinguish themselves from the “mere” Irish who came after them. At the same time, there was also an immigration of Irish Catholics to cities like New York, relatively small in number but large enough to produce middle-class Irish neighborhoods by 1820. However, there were not enough Ulster Irish immigrants to account for the twelve million Irish American Protestants today. The place and the time of immigration, not the difference in religion, accounts for the different success stories of Irish Catholics and Irish Protestants. Are the Irish Protestants and the Irish Catholics completely dissimilar?