CPC exports averaged about 1.7 million b/d in the last 3 months, including around 1.42 million b/d to Europe and 280,000 b/d to Asian buyers. The Novorossiysk region (where the CPC oil terminal is located) has repeatedly come under Ukrainian drone attack, while vessels linked to CPC loadings have also faced growing security risks. Even if achieved, 140,000 b/d would replace only a fraction of 1.4 million b/d CPC flows. Karachaganak (one of 3 Kazakh major oil and gas fields) depends on Russia’s Orenburg gas processing plant because the field produces liquids along with large volumes of sour associated gas. That might be modest when looking at total CPC exports but significant for the 300,000 b/d capacity field itself.