This approach heated tumors just as effectively as conventional treatment while using 28% less laser power (500 mW compared with 700 mW). The endoscope also includes a real-time fluorescence imaging system, allowing doctors to see the tumor and accurately position the device before treatment. In mice with colon cancer, a single dose of IDP1-CNH/ICG followed by one laser treatment caused the tumors to disappear completely within 14 days. Beyond cancer treatment, the AI-based approach used to design IDP1 could be applied to improve how long many other medicines remain in the bloodstream. The contact-mode endoscope system could also be used to treat other types of tumors that can be reached with a needle.