In this way, Web3 in every incarnation relies heavily on cryptography. To learn more about the evolution of Web3, and cryptography’s role, we caught up with Riad Wahby, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at Carnegie Mellon University, in Pittsburgh, and a cofounder and CEO of hardware-backed Web3 security platform Cubist. Web3 Began as a Response to What Came BeforeIEEE Spectrum: What is Web3? These are the two directions that we have that our technology enables within traditional hardware security modules. We start with the security that’s provided by the traditional hardware security module, and we extend it using this, actually another piece of trusted hardware called the Trusted Execution Environment.