Organized crime groups in Southeast Asia now operate across multiple illicit markets using shared financial and operational infrastructure, according to a ⁠new report the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) released Tuesday. “Their operating model looks like corporate franchising,” said Delphine Schantz, UNODC’s regional representative for Southeast Asia and the Pacific. UNODC estimated that scams caused between $88.3 billion and $114.1 billion in losses across East and Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand in 2025. The agency also valued Southeast Asia’s methamphetamine, ketamine and heroin markets at between $75 billion and $109.7 billion annually. In April 2025, UNODC warned that cyber-scam centers in Southeast Asia were supported by networks of money launderers, human traffickers and data brokers.