Single-cell characterization of anterior segment development in the mouse reveals the cell types, pathways, and signals driving formation of the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal

SC and TM development occur synchronously, with each expected to influence the other’s development (Thomson et al., 2021; Libby et al., 2003). It has characteristics of both blood and lymphatic vessels, making it a hybrid endothelial structure (Aspelund et al., 2014; Park et al., 2014; Kizhatil et al., 2014; Balasubramanian et al., 2024). During early SC development (P2.5–4.5), tip cell (TC) formation, sprouting, and cellular interactions give rise to a rudimentary SC (rSC) structure. TM-derived signals are essential for guiding SC development, maintaining SC health/integrity, and regulating IOP. VEGFA/KDR [VEGFR2], VEGFC/FLT4 [VEGFR3], ANGPT1/TEK, SVEP1/TEK) utilize ligands produced by TM cells (Thomson et al., 2021; Aspelund et al., 2014; Kizhatil et al., 2014; Thomson et al., 2017).