The country's main bourse KOSPI in late May introduced single-stock leveraged exchange-traded funds (ETFs) tied to Samsung Electronics and SK hynix respectively -- both forecasting record profits as critical memory chip producers for the fast-growing AI industry. In a livestream of the summit he did not explain what measures he endorsed -- saying there were "two competing views" over the ETFs tied to national flagship tech firms. "Supporters argue that the products have helped reduce capital outflows by giving South Korean investors domestic alternatives to overseas single-stock leveraged ETFs," he added. A South Korean NGO, Economic Democracy 21, said the government failed to protect individual investors when introducing the leveraged ETFs. A single-stock leveraged fund, it added, "fundamentally conflicts with diversification requirements imposed on conventional public funds, making that ETF structure unacceptable".