Pauline Hanson stands on the myth of a monocultural Western civilisation under siege. These politicians share the political usefulness of invoking “Western values” to exclude, demean and restrict the rights of people outside their preferred cultural group. The phrase “western civilisation”, Appiah points out, is more recent than the phonograph. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, by many seen as founded in “western” values, was not a Western document but an international negotiation. He was not the defender of Western values.